The Swadeshi Movement, launched to oppose the partition of Bengal and promote Indian goods, began in which year?

The correct answer is 1905.

Key Points

• The Swadeshi Movement was launched in 1905 as a protest against the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.
• It advocated the use of Indian-made goods and the boycott of British products.
• The movement was officially started on 7 August 1905, with a meeting at the Town Hall in Calcutta.
• Prominent leaders of the movement included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh.
• The Swadeshi Movement played a significant role in fostering Indian nationalism and creating awareness about self-reliance and economic independence.

Additional Information

• Partition of Bengal
  • In 1905, Lord Curzon divided Bengal into East Bengal and West Bengal, citing administrative convenience.
  • The partition was perceived as an attempt to weaken the nationalist movement by dividing Hindus and Muslims.
  • It led to widespread protests and became the catalyst for the Swadeshi Movement.
• Swadeshi Ideology
  • The term "Swadeshi" means ‘of one’s own country’.
  • It emphasized the use of indigenous goods and services to reduce dependence on foreign products.
  • This ideology became a cornerstone of the Indian freedom struggle.
• Significance of Boycott
  • The boycott of British goods, especially textiles, was a major strategy to hurt the British economy.
  • It led to the revival of Indian industries and handicrafts.
  • Indian-made products like khadi gained popularity during this period.
• Impact of the Movement
  • The Swadeshi Movement marked the beginning of a stronger and more organized nationalist struggle.
  • It inspired future movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • It also influenced cultural aspects, including literature, music, and art, promoting Indian identity.