During which dynasty did the Mongols, led by Qultlug Khwaja, besiege Delhi and inflict significant damage?

The correct answer is Khalji Dynasty.

Key Points

• The Mongols, led by Qultlug Khwaja, besieged Delhi during the reign of the Khalji dynasty, specifically under Alauddin Khalji in the early 14th century.
• Alauddin Khalji successfully repelled multiple Mongol invasions, showcasing his military prowess and strategic defenses, particularly in 1299 CE and 1303 CE.
• The Mongols inflicted significant damage during their campaigns, targeting cities and settlements in northern India, including Delhi.
• Alauddin Khalji strengthened the fortifications of Delhi and reorganized his army to counter the Mongol threat effectively.
• The Khalji dynasty, under Alauddin’s rule, is noted for its centralized governance and military reforms, which played a key role in resisting Mongol invasions.

Additional Information

• Khalji Dynasty:
  • The Khalji dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1290 to 1320 CE and marked a significant phase in Indian medieval history.
  • Alauddin Khalji, one of the most prominent rulers, is known for his ambitious military campaigns, administrative reforms, and economic policies.
  • He implemented strict price controls and market regulations to prevent inflation and ensure the welfare of his subjects.
• Mongol Invasions:
  • The Mongols were a nomadic group originating from Central Asia, known for their expansion under leaders like Genghis Khan.
  • They invaded northern India multiple times during the 13th and 14th centuries, driven by territorial ambition and strategic interests.
  • The invasions caused widespread destruction, but Indian rulers like Alauddin Khalji successfully resisted their advances.
• Military Reforms of Alauddin Khalji:
  • Alauddin Khalji established a standing army, known as the "Diwan-i-Arz," and introduced rigorous training and discipline.
  • He built defensive structures like fortresses and ensured the loyalty of his commanders by providing regular salaries and rewards.
  • These measures helped him repel external threats, including the Mongols, and maintain internal stability.
• Impact of Mongol Invasions:
  • The invasions disrupted trade, agriculture, and the overall economy in northern India during the period.
  • The Mongol raids also exposed vulnerabilities in Indian defense systems, prompting rulers to enhance military preparedness.
  • Despite their destructive nature, the Mongols failed to establish a lasting presence in India due to effective resistance from rulers like Alauddin Khalji.