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Home / Chemistry / Extensive and Intensive Properties

Learn The Difference Between Extensive and Intensive Properties

Last Updated on Apr 02, 2023
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Properties of the matter is as an utmost important parameter in chemistry as well as in physics also. The properties of a substance not only expand the applicability of the substance but also reveals information about them. In between physical and chemical properties, research is always initiated by accepting the physical property of a substance. It is the first priority for the researcher to know more about a specific substance. The physical properties of a substance are categorised as extensive and intensive properties. 

In this Chemistry article, we will learn about the difference between extensive and intensive properties of matter.

What are Intensive Properties?

Intensive properties are mass-independent properties. More precisely, the properties are not dependent on the system size as well as on the quantities of the substances present in it. Density, Pressure, and Temperature are examples of intensive properties.

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What are Extensive Properties?

Extensive properties are mass-dependent property that means extensive properties are dependent on system type and the mass of the components involved in it. Example: Mass, Volume, and weight are good examples of Extensive Properties.

Difference between Intensive and Extensive Properties

The difference between intensive and extensive properties are discussed below. 

Intensive Property 

Extensive Property

Intensive properties are independent of each other.

Extensive properties are dependent on the other substances.

The size of the intensive properties does not change.

The size of the extensive properties varies from one another.

One cannot compute and define the intensive properties. 

One can easily measure and compute the extensive properties.

One can easily identify the intensive properties because of their unchanged characteristics. 

The extensive properties cannot be identified easily because their characteristics are changeable.

Examples of intensive properties are colour, pressure, order, and density.

Examples of extensive properties are mass, volume, length, and Breadth.

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Relation Between Intensive and Extensive Properties And Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the study of the kinetics related to the flow of heat. As energy, heat is also capable of influencing work. done of a system. Therefore, thermodynamics is the best place to apply the concept of intensive and extensive properties of a system. The important function parameters linked with thermodynamics are explained below to understand the relation between thermodynamics and the physical properties of matter.

  • Path Function- It is a process function that deals with some specific properties of a specific system. Usually, these properties show different values during the transition from the starting phase to the final phase. The value of these properties depends on how the changes occur within a system example: Heat and Work.
  • State function- The properties which only depend on the initial state and final state of a system but are not dependent on the path through which any changes occur within a system.

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Difference Between Extensive and Intensive Properties FAQs

Work is not a physical property of the system therefore it is neither intensive nor extensive properties.

It is mass-independent property.

Heat capacity () is an extensive property, but specific heat (c) is an intensive property.

Density is an intensive property of matter.

A mass-dependent property is extensive whereas a mass-independent property is intensive in nature.
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