To avoid vaporisation in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid such that it is not more than _____.

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  1. 2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
  2. 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
  3. 10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
  4. 5.0 m above the hydraulic gradient

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

Hydraulic Gradient Line (H.G.L):

It is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure head (P/ρg) and datum (z). 

\(H.G.L\;= \frac{P}{{ρ g}} + z\)

∴ H.G.L line lies below T.E.L with a difference of Velocity head (V2/2g).

In order to avoid vaporization in the pipeline, the pipeline over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient.

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