The India-Bhutan boundary is primarily defined by which of these?

The correct answer is Mountains and treaties.

Key Points

• The India-Bhutan boundary is primarily defined by the Himalayan mountain ranges, which act as a natural border between the two nations.
• Several treaties, including the 1949 Treaty of Friendship and its updated version in 2007, govern the bilateral relationship and border agreements between India and Bhutan.
• Bhutan shares a border of approximately 699 km with Indian states such as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, and Sikkim.
• India and Bhutan have maintained peaceful relations along the border, largely attributed to mutual cooperation and historical treaties.
• No significant fencing exists along the India-Bhutan border, as both countries rely on natural geographical features and diplomatic agreements for border management.

Additional Information

• Himalayan Mountain Ranges
  • The Himalayas act as a natural barrier between India and its northern neighbors, including Bhutan, Nepal, and China.
  • They are characterized by high-altitude terrains, dense forests, and glacial rivers.
  • The Himalayan ranges influence the climatic patterns and ecosystems of the region.
• 1949 Treaty of Friendship
  • This treaty established India and Bhutan as close allies, ensuring mutual respect and cooperation.
  • It included provisions for non-interference in each other's internal affairs, while India supported Bhutan in its foreign relations.
• 2007 Treaty Update
  • The treaty was revised to provide greater autonomy to Bhutan in its foreign policy decisions.
  • It reinforced the peaceful and cooperative nature of the India-Bhutan relationship.
• Geopolitical Importance of Bhutan
  • Bhutan serves as a buffer state between India and China, contributing to regional stability.
  • The strategic location of Bhutan makes it crucial for India's security and foreign policy.