Reciprocity theorem cannot be applied to the circuits having ______.

Reciprocity theorem:

Reciprocity theorem states that in any branch of a network, the current (I) due to a single source of voltage (V) elsewhere in the network is equal to the current through the branch in which the source was originally placed when the source is placed in the branch in which the current (I) was originally obtained.

In the circuit (a), the value I_a is obtained for a voltage source V. According to reciprocity theorem, this current is equivalent to I_b in the circuit B.

Limitations of reciprocity theorem:

• The network should be bilateral linear and time-invariant.
• It can apply only to the single-source network and not for multi-source.
• It is also applicable for passive networks consisting L,C.
• Not applicable for circuits containing dependent sources even if it is linear.