In the general principles of estimating, if any alterations are to be made in the tenders, it should be done after prior sanction from the ________.

Explanation:

In the general principles of estimating for construction or engineering projects, it is crucial to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the tendering process. Tenders represent formal offers to perform work at specified prices and under stated conditions. Any alterations to these tenders must be handled with the utmost care to ensure fairness, transparency, and compliance with established procedures.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 1: Competent authority

This option correctly identifies that any alterations to the tenders should be done only after obtaining prior sanction from the competent authority. The competent authority refers to the individual or body that has the official power to make decisions and grant permissions for changes to the tender. This authority ensures that all modifications are justified, documented, and consistent with the project's goals and regulations.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 2: Engineering in-charge

The engineering in-charge is responsible for overseeing the technical aspects of a project, including design, construction, and maintenance. While the engineering in-charge plays a critical role in project execution, they may not have the sole authority to approve alterations to tenders. Such changes usually require higher-level approval to ensure compliance with financial and contractual obligations.

Option 3: Ordering authority

The ordering authority typically refers to the entity that issues the purchase order or contract for the work to be done. Although they are involved in the procurement process, they may not have the comprehensive oversight required to authorize changes to tenders. Approval from a competent authority ensures that any modifications are thoroughly vetted and aligned with overall project objectives.

Option 4: Purchase manager

The purchase manager is responsible for procurement activities, including sourcing materials and negotiating with suppliers. While their role is crucial in acquiring the necessary resources for a project, they may not have the authority to approve changes to tenders. Such decisions need to be made by an authority with broader oversight and decision-making power.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ensuring that any alterations to tenders are sanctioned by the competent authority is a fundamental principle in project management and procurement. This practice maintains the integrity of the tendering process, ensures compliance with regulations, and promotes transparency and fairness in project execution. It is essential to understand the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders in the process to appreciate why the competent authority is the appropriate entity to approve such changes.