Biogeography MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Biogeography - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

the correct answer is A - Tropical; B - Desert; C - Temperate

Key Points

• ​A Danish botanist Christen Raunkiear first published Raunkiaer's classification of plant life forms in 1934.
• It groups the perennial plants by the location of their perennating bud with respect to the ground surface.
• He has proposed nine different plant forms based on the location of the bud, modified 

1. Phanerophytes:
   • Include trees and shrubs where buds are more than 25 cm above the soil level.
   • For example; deciduous trees and shrubs.
   • They are predominantly found in a temperate forest biome.
2. Chamaephytes:
   • Short apices or perennial buds with resting buds no more than 25cm above ground level.
   • It includes woody herbaceous plants.
   • Examples; rockrose and bilberry. 
3. Hemicryptophytes: the resting buds in these plants is at or near the soil level. 
4. Cryptophytes: the resting buds in these plants lay beneath the soil surface as rhizomes, bulbs, corms, etc. or they can be submerged underwater. Cryptophytes are further divided into the following types:
   1. Geophytes: the resting buds lay in the dry land.
   2. Helophytes: the resting buds lay in marshy, lake or pond edges
   3. Hydrophytes: the resting buds are submerged under the water. 
5. Therophytes: this includes plants that complete their lifecycle in a single favourable condition.

Explanation:

• In biome A, around 70% of the flora is phanerophytes, hence, it is the predominant flora in biome A. Phaenorphytes are dominant flora in the tropical forest biome.
• In biome B, around 50% of the flora is therophytes, hence, it is the predominant flora in biome B. Therophytes are dominant flora in the desert biome.
• In biome C, around 50-55% of the flora is hemicryptophytes, hence, it is the predominant flora in biome C. Hemicryptophytes are dominant flora in temperate biome.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. 

Concept:

• Starting late in the 19th century till the first half of the 20th century, biogeographers in India were  attempting to explain the apparent discontinuity in the ranges of certain plants and animals.
• The isolated presence of flora and fauna of Malayan origin in the Western Ghats and other south Indian hills led to a lot of speculation on the prehistory of peninsular India.
• At this time, Sunder Lal Hora, an ichthyologist,  proposed the Satpura hypothesis, which over the years has remained unquestioned though not adequately substantiated.
• Recent advances in systematics and ecology of freshwater fishes and better understanding of peninsular India’s geological history have rendered the Satpura Hypothesis untenable.

​​Explanation:​

• Sunder Lal Hora made an attempt to explain what he considered an ‘anomalous’ distribution of hill-stream fishes in peninsular India.
• The anomaly was that many species of stream fishes in the hills of peninsular India, especially the Western Ghats, had populations of their kind or of congeneric species, only in the Eastern Himalayas, often extending further east through South-east Asia.
• He proposed that these fishes migrated from the Assam (Garo) Hills via the Satpura (Rajmahal) Hills and descended into the Western Ghats through Gujarat.
• The theory proposed by Hora came to be the well-known ‘Satpura hypothesis’.
• The apparent Malayan affinity in the flora and fauna of the Western Ghats had not only intrigued Hora but many other bio-geographers, that the Satpura hypothesis soon found wide acceptance.​​

Concept:

• According to the theory of island biogeography, an island's landmass area and degree of isolation both influence how many plant and animal species exist there.
• According to the notion, smaller, more remote islands contain fewer plant and animal species. The opposite is also accurate.
• The richness and quantity of plant and animal species are greater on larger, less isolated islands.
• Larger, less remote islands generally make it simpler for species to locate one another and contain a variety of habitats. 
• In the 1960s, Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, two ecologists, developed this idea.

Explanation:

• Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson suggested that a balance should exist between the rate at which new species populate an island and the rate at which populations of already-established species go extinct.
• A few birds would start to migrate over the chasm and establish populations on the barren but habitable island if a new volcanic island were to emerge from the sea off the coast of a continent home to 100 different kinds of birds.
• However, the rate at which these migrant species could establish themselves would inevitably slow down as each species that successfully invaded the island would reduce the number of potential future invaders by one 
• e.g.The same 100 species are still present on the mainland, but those that have settled there permanently can no longer be categorized as possible invaders.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.​