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Home / IAS Preparation / Wagah Border Notes for UPSC

Wagah Border Notes for UPSC - History, Wagah Attari Border Ceremony

Last Updated on May 31, 2025
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The Wagah Border, also known as the Wagah-Attari Border, stands as a prominent symbol of the partition between India and Pakistan. Located near Amritsar in India and Lahore in Pakistan, it marks the only road border crossing between the two nations. The daily flag-lowering ceremony at the Wagah-Attari Border draws thousands of spectators, showcasing synchronized military drills and national pride. While rooted in a history of conflict, the border also reflects a shared cultural legacy. It continues to be a site of both confrontation and connection.

Wagah Border is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS Examination. It covers a significant part of the Medieval History subject in the Mains General Studies Paper-1 syllabus and General Studies Paper-1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, we will discuss the Wagah Border, why it is famous, who can cross it, the Wagah- Attari border ceremony, and the present-day Wagah Border.

Download the UPSC Practice Questions on Wagah Border for Prelims & Mains!

GS Paper

General Studies Paper I

Topics for UPSC Prelims

Beating Retreat Ceremony

Topics for UPSC Mains

India and its Neighbourhood Relations, India–Pakistan relations

What is Wagah Border?

Wagah is a village and union council in Pakistan's Wahga Zone, near Lahore City District. It is famous for the Wagah border ceremony and serves as a rail hub for trains between Pakistan and India and a commodities transit facility.

The governments of both nations started the Wagah Border Ceremony, also known as the Beating Retreat Ceremony, in 1959. It symbolizes the competition and brotherhood between the countries and their cooperation.

Key Details on the Wagah Attari Border for UPSC

Feature

Details

Location

Between Amritsar (India) and Lahore (Pakistan)

Alternative Name

Attari–Wagah Border

Significance

Only road border crossing between India and Pakistan

Historical Importance

Became prominent post-Partition in 1947

Ceremony Name

Beating Retreat Ceremony / Wagah Border Ceremony

Started In

1959

Conducted By

BSF (India) and Pakistan Rangers

Timing

Daily, before sunset

Other Nearby Checkpoint

Kartarpur Corridor (opened in 2019 for pilgrims)

Current Status (as of April 2025)

Border closed due to escalating tensions following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir.

Where is the Wagah Border?

Located 600 meters (2,000 feet) west of the border, Wagah lies on the ancient Grand Trunk Road connecting Lahore, Pakistan, and Amritsar, India. The border is approximately 24 kilometres (15 miles) from Lahore and 32 kilometres (20 miles) from Amritsar. The Indian border settlement of Attari is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) away. 

Read the article on India's Neighbourhood First Policy!

Latest News on the Wagah Attari Border

The Wagah border (also known as the Attari-Wagah border) is a focal point of the heightened tensions between India and Pakistan.

  • Following the deadly terrorist attack in Pahalgam on April 22, 2025, India announced the immediate closure of the Attari Integrated Check Post (ICP) for all types of movement, including trade and travel. This was part of a series of retaliatory diplomatic measures against Pakistan.
  • Since the closure announcement on April 24th, there has been a movement of Indian and Pakistani nationals returning to their respective countries through the Wagah border.
  • The closure of the Wagah border, which is the only functional land border crossing between India and Pakistan, severely impacts people-to-people contact and trade.
  • While the border is closed for regular movement, there has been no official confirmation regarding the daily flag-lowering "beating retreat" ceremony at the Attari-Wagah border. Historically, this ceremony has continued even during periods of tension.

Wagah Border History

The Wagah Attari border is the international border between India and Pakistan. It is located in the Amritsar district of Punjab, India, and the Wagah district of Punjab, Pakistan. 

The history of the Wagah Attari border can be traced back to the partition of India in 1947. At the time of partition, the border was drawn through the Punjab region. This divided it between India and Pakistan. Millions of people were displaced as a result of partition. The Wagah Attari border became a major crossing point for refugees.

In the early years after partition, the Wagah Attari border was a tense and dangerous place. There were frequent clashes between Indian and Pakistani border guards. The border was often closed. However, in the 1960s, India and Pakistan agreed to open the border. This is for daily flag-lowering ceremonies.

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Wagah Border Ceremony

The Beating Retreat Ceremony, also known as the Wagah Border Ceremony, started in 1959. It aims to officially close the border for the evening and lower the national flags of both countries. Every day before dusk, there's a ceremonial show to lower the flag, featuring patriotic performances. The National Anthem, slogans, and dances are part of the event.

Cultural programs are occasionally organized, with participation from people of various nations, not just Indians. During the ceremony, troops march in the procession with loud shouts and vigorous foot stamping, creating an impression of a fierce battle. The marching style used is "Goose Marching," where troops raise their legs extremely high. This procession lasts for 45 minutes.

Facts About the Beating Retreat Ceremony

Here are some interesting facts about the Wagah border parade:

  • The ceremony takes place every evening at the Wagah Attari border between India and Pakistan.
  • The ceremony begins with the lowering of the flags of India and Pakistan.
  • It is accompanied by a lot of fanfare, including marching bands, drum beats, and dancing.
  • It is a popular tourist attraction, and it is attended by thousands of people on both sides of the border each day.
  • The ceremony is a symbol of the rivalry and camaraderie between India and Pakistan.
  • The ceremony is usually televised in both India and Pakistan.

Learn more about Cross-border Terrorism!

The Wagah Flag

In August 2017, India erected a 360 ft (110m) flagpole on their side of the border in Attari. In response, Pakistan installed a 400 ft (122m) flagpole on the Wagah side. The flagpole in pattadei is now the largest in India.

Study the Article National Anthem Code of Conduct here!

Land Border Crossings between India and Pakistan

The table below gives the list of land border crossings between India and Pakistan:

Land Border Crossings between India & Pakistan

Type of Crossing

Location (India Side)

Location (Pakistan Side)

Rail Crossing

Jodhpur (Munabao)

Karachi (Khokhrapar)

Amritsar/Delhi (Wagah/Attari)

Lahore

Road Crossing

Amritsar (Wagah/Attari)

Lahore

Fazilka (Sulemanki Punjab)

Okara District (Fazilka border)

Chakothi

Uri (Salamabad)

Kotli (Tatrinote)

Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir

Baramulla (Chilliana)

Muzaffarabad (Teetwal)

Punjab (Ganda Singh Wala)

Punjab (Hussainiwala)

Read the article on the International Boundary of India!

Why is the Wagah border famous?

The ceremonial closure of the Wagah border gates and the lowering of the Indian and Pakistani flags has made it famous. In order to see the ceremony known as Beating the Retreat, about 5000 people gather on the Indian side alone. The tricolor is flown after sunrise and lowered at sunset in accordance with the Flag Code of India, which stipulates that it may only be flown from sunrise to sunset.

At Wagah, the military tradition of lowering the flag has been transformed into a show. It is difficult to miss the highly stylized and energetically performed nationalistic hostility that is on exhibit.

The BSF and Pakistan Rangers compete with one another to kick higher, march faster, and shout louder. Guards displayed their disrespect by utilizing their bodies as opposed to their guns. It is a fantastic example of how upset you can become without physically attacking somebody.

Who can cross the Wagah border?

Anyone who holds a visa to travel from India to Pakistan or from Pakistan to India can cross the Wagah border. In fact, the Wagah border crossing is the most practical option to travel between India and Pakistan by land.

Check the Article Durand Commission here!

We hope that all your doubts regarding the Wagah Border will be cleared after going through this article. You can download the Testbook App now to check out various other topics relevant to the UPSC IAS Exam. For further information and an explanation of the topic, visit UPSC CSE Coaching here!

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Wagah Border UPSC FAQs

The Wagah Border is located between Amritsar in India and Lahore in Pakistan, serving as the only road crossing point between the two countries.

The Wagah Border came into existence after the partition of British India in 1947. It was once a small village, but after independence, it became a strategic and symbolic point marking the divide between India and Pakistan.

The Wagah Border ceremony began in 1959 as a daily military practice jointly conducted by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) and Pakistan Rangers.

The Attari–Wagah Border ceremony is a daily military ritual where both countries’ soldiers perform coordinated drills, lower their national flags, and showcase a theatrical display of patriotism and discipline, attracting large crowds on both sides.

Wagah Border is famous for its flag-lowering ceremony, which symbolizes both rivalry and respect between India and Pakistan, and for being a powerful expression of national pride and cross-border sentiment.
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