Which of the following were the earliest caves hewn out from rocks during the Mauryan period?

The correct answer is Barabar.

Key Points

• Barabar Caves are the earliest rock-cut caves in India, dating back to the Mauryan period (3rd century BCE) during the reign of Emperor Ashoka.
• These caves were used by Ajivika sect monks, and are renowned for their polished granite interiors and architectural precision.
• Lomasha Rishi Cave, also located in the Barabar hill, is part of this group, but Barabar as a site is considered the earliest as a whole.
• Nagarjuni Caves, located nearby, came slightly later during Dasharatha’s reign (Ashoka’s grandson).
• Hathigumpha is known for its inscription by Kharavela of Kalinga and belongs to a later period (1st century BCE).