Which of the following statements are true regarding Nyaya (Classical Indian School of Logic) view of hetrābhāsa (fallacy)

A. It means that middle term appears to be a reason but is not a valid reason.

B. All fallacies are material fallacies.

C. When an inference is based not on causation but on uniformity of co-existence, it leads to a fallacy.

D. Fallacies occur when any of the five characteristics of a middlle term are violated.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A fallacy is known as Hetvabhasa in Indian logic. 

Key Points

• A fallacy occurs when the middle term appears to be the reason but it is not a valid reason. 
• According to Nyaya School, there are five different types of fallacies considered to be material fallacies. 
• The Nyaya syllogism recognizes the fact that verbal form is not the essence of inference and is required only to convince others.
• Material fallacies occur when the reasoning is unsound because of an error concerning the subject matter of the argument.

Thus, the correct answer from the options are A, B and D only. 

Additional Information

• They address errors in the formulation of arguments, the content of expressions, etc.
• Presumption fallacies are another name for material fallacies.