The ratio of potential difference across the terminals of a conductor to the current flowing through it is the:

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ALP CBT 2 Physics and Maths Previous Paper 5 (Held On: 22 Jan 2019 Shift 2)
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  1. resistance
  2. resistivity
  3. conductivity
  4. conductance

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : resistance
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CONCEPT:

  • Ohm’s law: At constant temperature, the potential difference across a current-carrying wire is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

          i.e. V = IR

Where V = potential difference, R = resistance and I = current.

EXPLANATION:

  • According to ohm's law, V = IR

The above equation can be written for resistance as

\(\Rightarrow R = \frac{V}{I}\)

  • Therefore the resistance is defined as the ratio of potential difference across the terminals of a conductor to the current flowing through it. Therefore option 1 is correct.
  • The resistivity of a material is the resistance of a wire of that material of unit length and unit cross-sectional area. Therefore option 2 is incorrect.
  • Conductivity is the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material. Therefore option 3 is incorrect.
  • The reciprocal of electrical resistance is called conductance. Therefore option 4 is incorrect.
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