The power to determine the language or a subordinate court is with:

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

•  This power is derived from Article 348(2) of the Constitution of India, which allows the Governor of a State to authorize the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purpose in the state, for proceedings in the High Court for that state, provided that the President of India has given his consent.
• Although this clause directly mentions High Courts, it implies a broader authority for state governments in language determination for subordinate courts because High Court proceedings often serve as references for lower courts.
• Additionally, the CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure) 1973, and the CPC (Civil Procedure Code), 1908, accord powers to State Governments with respect to procedural languages used in courts within their jurisdiction.
• For instance, Section 272 of the CrPC allows the State Government to declare in which language the proceedings of Criminal Courts in the State shall be conducted, and it could be in the state’s official language or any other language that the state government deems fit.