Question
Download Solution PDFThe loss of head due to various pipe fittings such as valves and couplings is expressed as
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFExplanation:
Minor Losses:
These occur due to various fittings, valves, bends, elbows, tees, inlets, exits, contractions, and expansions.
Usually expresses in terms of the loss coefficient KL or resistance coefficient,
| Reason for loss | Formula |
| Due to sudden expansion | |
| Due to sudden contraction | |
| Due to exit from a pipe | |
| Due to the entrance of the pipe | |
| Due to gradual contraction | |
| Due to gradual enlargement | |
| Due to bends or pipe fittings | |
| Due to nozzle |
Additional Information
Major Losses
Due to friction
- When fluid flows from one section to another, there is a reduction in total energy due to friction between the pipe wall and the flowing fluid.
- It is given by Darcy Weisbach Equation:
where, L = length of pipeline, f’ = friction coefficient, D = diameter of pipe, V = average velocity, f = friction factor
f’ is a dimensionless quantity whose value depends upon the roughness coefficient of pipe surface and Reynold's number of the flow.
|
Laminar flow |
Turbulent flow |
| Re < 2000 | Re > 4000 |
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