Muskingham method of flood routing is

Explanation:

• Muskingum Method is a hydrologic channel routing technique used to estimate the outflow hydrograph from a river reach or channel, given an inflow hydrograph.

• It is based on mass conservation and assumes a linear relationship between storage in the channel and weighted inflow and outflow.

• The method uses two parameters:

  • K (travel time or storage time constant)

  • x (weighting factor between inflow and outflow, typically 0 < x < 0.5)

Types of Routing:

• Reservoir Routing → uses level-pool assumption; example: Modified Puls method

• Channel Routing → accounts for spatial and temporal changes along the channel; Muskingum is a widely used method here

 Additional InformationChannel Routing

• Channel routing is the process of predicting the shape, timing, and magnitude of outflow hydrograph at a downstream location in a river or channel, based on upstream inflow.
• It considers both storage and translation effects due to the geometry and characteristics of the channel. 

Storage Time Constant (K)

• The parameter K represents the travel time of a flood wave through the channel reach.
• It reflects the time lag between inflow and outflow and is typically estimated from channel length and average flow velocity.