Match List I with List II

LIST I  (Books)		LIST II  (Authors)
A.	Hundred Years of Geography	I.	G. Taylor
B.	Influences of Geographic Environment	II	T.W. Freeman
C.	Geography in the Twentieth Century	III.	E.C. Semple
D.	Man and Nature	IV.	G.P. Marsh

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

The correct answer is: A - II, B - III, C - I, D - IV.

Key Points

Additional Information 

• Hundred Years of Geography by T.W. Freeman:
  • This book provides a historical overview of geographical thought and development spanning a hundred years, tracing the evolution of ideas and approaches within the discipline of geography.
  • Focus: Freeman critically analyzed major geographical theories and thinkers, emphasizing changes in methodology, scope, and application in human and physical geography.
  • Impact: The work serves as a key resource for understanding the intellectual history of geography, making it essential reading for students of geographical theory and history.
• Influences of Geographic Environment by E.C. Semple:
  • This influential work promotes the concept of environmental determinism, suggesting that human societies and cultural development are largely shaped by the natural environment.
  • Focus: Semple built upon the ideas of Friedrich Ratzel, adapting them for an English-speaking audience, and argued that climate, terrain, and resource availability are decisive factors in human progress.
  • Impact: Although later critiqued, Semple's work laid the groundwork for early 20th-century geographic thought and remains a foundational text in cultural and environmental geography studies.
• Geography in the Twentieth Century by G. Taylor:
  • Authored by Griffith Taylor, this book reflects on the advances in geographic science and thought during the 20th century, particularly emphasizing environmental factors influencing human settlement patterns.
  • Focus: Taylor explored how geographical factors like climate, relief, and resources influence population distribution, economic activities, and societal development.
  • Impact: His work contributed significantly to the development of environmental determinism and regional planning in geography.
• Man and Nature by G.P. Marsh:
  • Published in 1864, this seminal work highlighted the profound impact of human activities on the natural environment, emphasizing the need for environmental conservation.
  • Focus: Marsh systematically documented how deforestation, soil erosion, and resource exploitation by humans could lead to ecological degradation and societal collapse.
  • Impact: Widely considered one of the first works of environmentalism, this book inspired early conservation movements and shaped the future.