Catalyst used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vanaspati ghee is

The correct answer is the option 3.

Key Points

• The hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vanaspati ghee involves the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fats to convert them into saturated fats.
• Nickel (Ni) is used as a catalyst in this process because it facilitates the reaction by lowering the activation energy and speeding up the hydrogenation. Hence option 3 is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• Pd (Palladium):
  • Palladium is used in selective hydrogenation and other specific chemical reactions but is not commonly used in the industrial hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
• Fe (Iron):
  • Iron is not used as a catalyst in hydrogenation processes.