A system is defined by the difference equation

y(n) = 1.8y(n - 1) - 0.72y (n - 2) + x (n) + 0.5x (n - 1), then the system is 

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  1. stable
  2. unstable
  3. marginally stable
  4. none of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : unstable
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Detailed Solution

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Concept:

For a linear time-invariant (LTI) discrete-time system, stability is determined by the location of the poles (roots of the characteristic equation). The system is:

  • Stable if all poles lie inside the unit circle (|z| < 1).
  • Unstable if any pole lies outside the unit circle (|z| > 1).
  • Marginally stable if poles lie on the unit circle and are non-repeating.

Given:

Difference equation:

y(n) = 1.8y(n - 1) - 0.72y (n - 2) + x (n) + 0.5x (n - 1)

Characteristic equation (from homogeneous part):

\(H(z): z^2 - 1.8z + 0.72 = 0 \)

Calculation:

Use the quadratic formula to find roots:

 \(\frac{1.8 \pm \sqrt{(1.8)^2 - 4 \cdot 0.72}}{2}\)

\(z = \frac{1.8 \pm 0.6}{2} ⇒ z = 1.2\)

Since one root is greater than 1, the system is unstable.

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