Industrial Value MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Industrial Value - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is insulin.

Key Points

• Insulin is a peptide hormone.
• It maintains the blood glucose level.
• It is synthesized as proinsulin and has A, B, and C peptide chains.
• After its secretion cleavage of the C, peptides occur to form active insulin.
• A human protein that was produced successfully by using recombinant bacteria for the first time is insulin.
• It is produced using E. coli bacteria.
• In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared chains of human insulin.
• It was introduced in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. 

Additional InformationSomatropin:

• It is a growth hormone.
• It is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
• It helps in the development of bones.

Factor VIII:

• It is an anti-hemophilic factor (AHF).
• It is a blood clotting factor and aids in blood clotting during the injury.
• Its non-functioning can cause haemophilia.

Interferon alpha 2b:

• It is recombinant interferon.
• It is formed using E.coli.
• It is used to treat leukaemia.

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

• The breeding between animals of the same breed is called inbreeding.
• In inbreeding, more closely related individuals of the same breed are allowed to breed for 4-6 generations.

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Explanation:

Let us look at some of the features of inbreeding:

• Here, the superior male and superior female of the same breed are mated in pairs.
• The progeny obtained are evaluated and the ones with superior features are identified. The superior male and female are used for further mating.

Advantages of inbreeding:

• Inbreeding increases the homozygosity (individuals with identical alleles of a gene) of the population. 
• Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes and they can be eliminated by selection.
• Inbreeding results in a pure line of animals as it is between individuals of the same breed.
• It leads to the accumulation of superior genes/alleles and the elimination of nondesirable genes/alleles.
• As this process involves selection at each stage, it leads to an increase in productivity.

Disadvantages of inbreeding:

• Continued inbreeding between closely related individuals can cause loss of fertility and a reduction in productivity. This is called inbreeding depression.

Way to overcome inbreeding depression:

• This can be overcome by mating superior individuals of the population with unrelated superior individuals of the same breed.
• Such mating between animals of the same breed that do not have common ancestors for up to 4 to 6 generations is called outcrossing.
• It helps in restoring fertility and productivity.

So, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 1.2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Single-cell protein refers to the crude, refined or edible protein extracted from pure microbial cultures, dead, or dried cell biomass.
• They can be used as a protein supplement for both humans and animals.
• Microorganisms like algae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria have very high protein content in their biomass.
• Microorganisms, such as algae, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria are used for the production of SCP. Hence option 4 is correct.
• These microbes can be grown using inexpensive substrates like agricultural waste viz. wood shavings, sawdust, corn cobs, etc., and even human and animal waste.
• The microorganisms utilize the carbon and nitrogen present in these materials and convert them into high-quality proteins which can be used as a supplement in both human and animal feed.
• The single-cell proteins can be readily used as fodder for achieving the fattening of calves, and pigs, in breeding fish, and even in  Animal Husbandry – Poultry and Cattle Farming.
• Single Cell Protein (SCP) offers an unconventional but plausible solution to this problem of protein deficiency being faced by the entire humanity.

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Key Points

• Algae is the third generation biofuel.
• The fuel, which is obtained by a chemical method from biomass rather than a slow geological process is known as Biofuel.
• The bright or dark green patches found in wet regions are algae, the non-flowering plants like species containing chlorophyll yet distinct from floras ranging from micro to macro sizes.
• The processing of these microorganisms diversifies the scope in the nutrition industry, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, special chemicals manufacture, organic fertilizer, and the flourishing biofuel industry.
• The list of fuels that can be derived from algae includes:
  • Biodiesel,
  • Butanol,
  • Gasoline,
  • Methane,
  • Ethanol,
  • Vegetable Oil,
  • Jet Fuel. 
• The distinctive properties of algae such as:
  • CO2 absorbance for growth helps in the reduction of the greenhouse effect.
  • They do not require a large area for development compared to other food crops.
  • They can adjust to brine water.
  • Their lipid content is found high.
• The lipids in algae can be converted to biodiesel by the generalized method used for the conversion of vegetable oil into biodiesel.
• There are two different types of algae that can be produced to make biofuels: macroalgae and microalgae.
  • Macroalgae are large, multi-cellular organisms that are measured in inches and grow in ponds.
  • Microalgae are micro, unicellular organisms that are measured in micrometres and grow in suspension within a body of water.

​So, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Sericulture.

Key Points

• Sericulture, also known as silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
• Typical process:

1. Silk Moth Egg Stage: The process begins with the breeding of silk moths. The eggs laid by the female moth are carefully collected and incubated.
2. Larva Stage: After being incubated, the eggs hatch into larvae, which are also known as silkworms. These larvae are fed with mulberry leaves, upon which they grow and develop.
3. Spinning Cocoon: After sufficient growth that usually lasts for 25-30 days, the silkworms start spinning cocoons using their salivary glands, which produce the silk. The silkworm rotates its body in a figure-8 movement about 300,000 times, producing a filament of about 900 meters long.
4. Collection of Cocoons: Once the cocoon is fully formed, it is carefully detached and collected before the silk moth starts secreting a fluid to break down the silk and emerge. This is crucial because the moth can damage the continuity of the silk filament.
5. Silk Extraction (Reeling) and Spinning: In this stage, collected cocoons are boiled to soften the sericin, a protective gum holding the silk fibers together. Subsequently, the ends of the filament are located, and the silk is unwound onto reels in a process called "reeling". The silk fibers are then twisted together to form a stronger thread, in a process called "throwing", and are finally spun into silk threads or yarns.
6. Fabric Production: The silk threads or yarns are then woven into silk fabrics or used in the production of silk products.
   

Additional Information

• The most common silk moth used in commercial production is the species Bombyx mori, whose preferred food, as stated above, is the leaves of the mulberry tree.
  Some important cuture -

The correct answer is Moth.

Key Points

• Bombyx Mori is the type of silk moth, that is domesticated for the production of silk.
• Domestic silk moths are largely dependent on humans for the reproduction, therefore selective breeding helps in the production of good quality of silk.
• It is the primary moth and is one of the most economical insects for the production of silk.

Concept:

• The breeding of animals is an important feature of animal husbandry.
• It is performed to increase the yield of animals and also, to improve the desired qualities.

Important Points

There are different ways to breed animals. Let us see a few of them:

• Crossbreeding - 
  • In this superior male of one breed mates with a superior female of the other breed.
  • This procedure enables superior qualities of both breeds to be combined; mainly for commercial purposes.
  • Ex. Hisardale is the breed of sheep in Punjab. It is obtained by cross-breeding between Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
• Inbreeding - 
  • In this procedure superior male mates with a superior female of the same breed.
  • It is breeding between closely related individuals within the same breed for 4 - 6 generations.
  • Ex. a superior female of the breed can be a  cow or buffalo that produces more milk per lactation while a superior male could be a bull that gives rise to superior progeny.
• Outcrossing - 
  • It is the procedure of mating between animals of the same breed but without any common ancestors on either side for 4 - 6 generations.
  • It is the best breeding method for animals with below-average productivity in milk, meat, etc. ​

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Additional Information

Let us see one of the breeding methods in plants:

• ​Mutational breeding - 
  • ​The process by which genetic variations in the base sequence of the DNA create a new trait/character different from parents is called a mutation.
  • Mutations can be induced in plants with the help of chemicals or using gamma radiation.
  • In mutational breeding, the plants produced with desirable characters are used for breeding. 
  • Ex. mung bean produced by mutational breeding has resistance to yellow mosaic virus. 

So, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is primary consumer.

Key Points

• Honeybees collect nectar from flowers, which makes them primary consumers as they directly feed on producers (plants).
• Primary consumers are organisms that consume producers (plants) for energy.
• In the food chain, primary consumers are typically herbivores or omnivores.
• Honeybees play a crucial role in pollination, which supports the growth of plants and the ecosystem.

Additional Information

• Producers: Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (e.g., plants, algae).
• Primary Consumers: Organisms that feed directly on producers (e.g., herbivores like cows, and insects like honeybees).
• Secondary Consumers: Organisms that consume primary consumers (e.g., carnivores like lions, and omnivores like humans).
• Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem (e.g., fungi, bacteria).
• Honeybees contribute to biodiversity by aiding in plant reproduction through the process of pollination.

The correct answer is Moth.

Key Points

• Bombyx Mori is the type of silk moth, that is domesticated for the production of silk.
• Domestic silk moths are largely dependent on humans for the reproduction, therefore selective breeding helps in the production of good quality of silk.
• It is the primary moth and is one of the most economical insects for the production of silk.

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Key Points

• Yeasts represent a very diverse group of microorganisms, and even strains that are classified as the same species often show a high level of genetic divergence.
• Yeasts biodiversity is closely related to their applicability.
• The Biotechnological importance of yeast is almost immeasurable.
• Yeasts have a wide range of applications mainly in the food industry (winemaking, brewing, distilled spirits production, and baking) and in biomass production (single-cell protein [SCP]). Hence option 4 is the correct answer.
• More recently, yeast has also been used in the biofuel industry and for the production of heterologous compounds.
• Obviously, their main application arises from the metabolic capacity to carry out the transformation of sugars into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions.
• Moreover, a large number of secondary flavor compounds are created which implies organoleptic attributes of particular food products.
• However, it would be misguided to trivialize their metabolic capacities only to fermentative activity.
• The main factors influencing yeast metabolism are oxygen availability and the type of carbon source. 
• In food industry, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the genus of yeast most frequently used, whereas Candida, Endomycopsis, and Kluyveromyces are crucial for SCP production.

So, the correct answer is option 4.