Industrial Value MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Industrial Value - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is They have the mechanism to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the crop plants can absorb readily.

Key Points

• Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) as biofertilizers:
  • Both free-living and symbiotic species of cyanobacteria are known to fix nitrogen from the air eg: Anabaena, Nostoc, Aulosira, Tolypothrix, etc.
  • Aulosira - It is the most active nitrogen-fixing blue-green alga.
  • Nostoc - It is known for providing nitrogen to rice crops.
  • Anabaena azollae - It forms a symbiotic relationship with Azolla (water fern). When such Azolla is grown in paddy fields, some nitrogen fixed by Anabaena gets dissolved in the water of the paddy and becomes available to rice plants. 
• Mycorrhiza as biofertilizers:
  • It is of two types - Endomycorrhiza and Ectomycorrhiza.

Additional Information

Nitrogen-fixation:

• The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrates, that can be utilized by the plants, is termed Nitrogen-fixation.

Bio-fertilizers:

• Fertilizers of biological are of two types - manures and biofertilizers.
• The organisms which bring about soil nutrient enrichment are known as biofertilizers.
• These are of following three types:
  • Bacteria
  • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
  • Mycorrhiza (fungi)
• Bacteria as biofertilizers:
  • Free-living Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Eg: Azotobacter, Beijerinckia, Clostridium
  • Rhizosphere Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Eg: Azospirillum
  • Symbiotic Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Eg: Rhizobium (root nodules of leguminous plants), Xanthomonas (leaf nodules of Ardisia), Aerorhizobium caulinodans (stem nodules of Sesbania).

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

• The breeding between animals of the same breed is called inbreeding.
• In inbreeding, more closely related individuals of the same breed are allowed to breed for 4-6 generations.

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Explanation:

Let us look at some of the features of inbreeding:

• Here, the superior male and superior female of the same breed are mated in pairs.
• The progeny obtained are evaluated and the ones with superior features are identified. The superior male and female are used for further mating.

Advantages of inbreeding:

• Inbreeding increases the homozygosity (individuals with identical alleles of a gene) of the population. 
• Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes and they can be eliminated by selection.
• Inbreeding results in a pure line of animals as it is between individuals of the same breed.
• It leads to the accumulation of superior genes/alleles and the elimination of nondesirable genes/alleles.
• As this process involves selection at each stage, it leads to an increase in productivity.

Disadvantages of inbreeding:

• Continued inbreeding between closely related individuals can cause loss of fertility and a reduction in productivity. This is called inbreeding depression.

Way to overcome inbreeding depression:

• This can be overcome by mating superior individuals of the population with unrelated superior individuals of the same breed.
• Such mating between animals of the same breed that do not have common ancestors for up to 4 to 6 generations is called outcrossing.
• It helps in restoring fertility and productivity.

So, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 1.2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Single-cell protein refers to the crude, refined or edible protein extracted from pure microbial cultures, dead, or dried cell biomass.
• They can be used as a protein supplement for both humans and animals.
• Microorganisms like algae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria have very high protein content in their biomass.
• Microorganisms, such as algae, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria are used for the production of SCP. Hence option 4 is correct.
• These microbes can be grown using inexpensive substrates like agricultural waste viz. wood shavings, sawdust, corn cobs, etc., and even human and animal waste.
• The microorganisms utilize the carbon and nitrogen present in these materials and convert them into high-quality proteins which can be used as a supplement in both human and animal feed.
• The single-cell proteins can be readily used as fodder for achieving the fattening of calves, and pigs, in breeding fish, and even in  Animal Husbandry – Poultry and Cattle Farming.
• Single Cell Protein (SCP) offers an unconventional but plausible solution to this problem of protein deficiency being faced by the entire humanity.

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Key Points

• Algae is the third generation biofuel.
• The fuel, which is obtained by a chemical method from biomass rather than a slow geological process is known as Biofuel.
• The bright or dark green patches found in wet regions are algae, the non-flowering plants like species containing chlorophyll yet distinct from floras ranging from micro to macro sizes.
• The processing of these microorganisms diversifies the scope in the nutrition industry, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, special chemicals manufacture, organic fertilizer, and the flourishing biofuel industry.
• The list of fuels that can be derived from algae includes:
  • Biodiesel,
  • Butanol,
  • Gasoline,
  • Methane,
  • Ethanol,
  • Vegetable Oil,
  • Jet Fuel. 
• The distinctive properties of algae such as:
  • CO2 absorbance for growth helps in the reduction of the greenhouse effect.
  • They do not require a large area for development compared to other food crops.
  • They can adjust to brine water.
  • Their lipid content is found high.
• The lipids in algae can be converted to biodiesel by the generalized method used for the conversion of vegetable oil into biodiesel.
• There are two different types of algae that can be produced to make biofuels: macroalgae and microalgae.
  • Macroalgae are large, multi-cellular organisms that are measured in inches and grow in ponds.
  • Microalgae are micro, unicellular organisms that are measured in micrometres and grow in suspension within a body of water.

​So, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Sericulture.

Key Points

• Sericulture, also known as silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
• Typical process:

1. Silk Moth Egg Stage: The process begins with the breeding of silk moths. The eggs laid by the female moth are carefully collected and incubated.
2. Larva Stage: After being incubated, the eggs hatch into larvae, which are also known as silkworms. These larvae are fed with mulberry leaves, upon which they grow and develop.
3. Spinning Cocoon: After sufficient growth that usually lasts for 25-30 days, the silkworms start spinning cocoons using their salivary glands, which produce the silk. The silkworm rotates its body in a figure-8 movement about 300,000 times, producing a filament of about 900 meters long.
4. Collection of Cocoons: Once the cocoon is fully formed, it is carefully detached and collected before the silk moth starts secreting a fluid to break down the silk and emerge. This is crucial because the moth can damage the continuity of the silk filament.
5. Silk Extraction (Reeling) and Spinning: In this stage, collected cocoons are boiled to soften the sericin, a protective gum holding the silk fibers together. Subsequently, the ends of the filament are located, and the silk is unwound onto reels in a process called "reeling". The silk fibers are then twisted together to form a stronger thread, in a process called "throwing", and are finally spun into silk threads or yarns.
6. Fabric Production: The silk threads or yarns are then woven into silk fabrics or used in the production of silk products.
   

Additional Information

• The most common silk moth used in commercial production is the species Bombyx mori, whose preferred food, as stated above, is the leaves of the mulberry tree.
  Some important cuture -

The correct answer is Moth.

Key Points

• Bombyx Mori is the type of silk moth, that is domesticated for the production of silk.
• Domestic silk moths are largely dependent on humans for the reproduction, therefore selective breeding helps in the production of good quality of silk.
• It is the primary moth and is one of the most economical insects for the production of silk.

Concept:

• The breeding of animals is an important feature of animal husbandry.
• It is performed to increase the yield of animals and also, to improve the desired qualities.

Important Points

There are different ways to breed animals. Let us see a few of them:

• Crossbreeding - 
  • In this superior male of one breed mates with a superior female of the other breed.
  • This procedure enables superior qualities of both breeds to be combined; mainly for commercial purposes.
  • Ex. Hisardale is the breed of sheep in Punjab. It is obtained by cross-breeding between Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
• Inbreeding - 
  • In this procedure superior male mates with a superior female of the same breed.
  • It is breeding between closely related individuals within the same breed for 4 - 6 generations.
  • Ex. a superior female of the breed can be a  cow or buffalo that produces more milk per lactation while a superior male could be a bull that gives rise to superior progeny.
• Outcrossing - 
  • It is the procedure of mating between animals of the same breed but without any common ancestors on either side for 4 - 6 generations.
  • It is the best breeding method for animals with below-average productivity in milk, meat, etc. ​

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Additional Information

Let us see one of the breeding methods in plants:

• ​Mutational breeding - 
  • ​The process by which genetic variations in the base sequence of the DNA create a new trait/character different from parents is called a mutation.
  • Mutations can be induced in plants with the help of chemicals or using gamma radiation.
  • In mutational breeding, the plants produced with desirable characters are used for breeding. 
  • Ex. mung bean produced by mutational breeding has resistance to yellow mosaic virus. 

So, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is primary consumer.

Key Points

• Honeybees collect nectar from flowers, which makes them primary consumers as they directly feed on producers (plants).
• Primary consumers are organisms that consume producers (plants) for energy.
• In the food chain, primary consumers are typically herbivores or omnivores.
• Honeybees play a crucial role in pollination, which supports the growth of plants and the ecosystem.

Additional Information

• Producers: Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (e.g., plants, algae).
• Primary Consumers: Organisms that feed directly on producers (e.g., herbivores like cows, and insects like honeybees).
• Secondary Consumers: Organisms that consume primary consumers (e.g., carnivores like lions, and omnivores like humans).
• Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem (e.g., fungi, bacteria).
• Honeybees contribute to biodiversity by aiding in plant reproduction through the process of pollination.

The correct answer is Mariculture.

Key Points

• Mariculture refers to the cultivation of fish and other marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes.
• It is often practiced in coastal waters, estuaries, and sometimes in rice paddies, taking advantage of the waterlogged conditions.
• This method integrates fish farming with traditional crop cultivation, providing dual benefits of rice and fish harvest.
• Mariculture can help improve the productivity of paddy fields by providing additional income from fish.
• It also contributes to the ecological sustainability by maintaining the natural balance in the water body.

Additional Information

• Pisciculture
  • This is the breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish by artificial means in various types of water bodies.
  • It is different from mariculture as it is generally conducted in freshwater environments.
• Horticulture
  • This involves the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants.
  • It does not involve aquatic organisms or waterlogged fields like mariculture does.
• Capture fishery
  • This refers to obtaining fish from natural water bodies like rivers, lakes, and oceans without any form of cultivation or breeding.
  • It contrasts with mariculture, which involves active cultivation and management of aquatic species.

The correct answer is Moth.

Key Points

• Bombyx Mori is the type of silk moth, that is domesticated for the production of silk.
• Domestic silk moths are largely dependent on humans for the reproduction, therefore selective breeding helps in the production of good quality of silk.
• It is the primary moth and is one of the most economical insects for the production of silk.