Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing - Download Free PDF
Last updated on Jul 4, 2025
Latest Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing MCQ Objective Questions
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 1:
The nurse is collecting history from the husband of Mrs. X brought to psychiatry OPD. Which of the following symptom reported by her husband leads the nurse towards the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Hallucinations
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 1 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Hallucinations
Rationale:
- Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including psychosis, which often manifests as hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia and involve perceiving things that are not present in reality, such as hearing voices, seeing things, or experiencing tactile sensations that others do not.
- Hallucinations are one of the core positive symptoms of schizophrenia, meaning they are additions to the normal perception and experience of reality. Positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, are critical in the diagnosis and help differentiate schizophrenia from other mental health disorders.
- Hallucinations can occur in various sensory modalities, but auditory hallucinations (e.g., hearing voices) are the most common in schizophrenia. These voices may command, criticize, or converse with the individual, often causing significant distress or dysfunction.
- The presence of hallucinations, combined with other symptoms such as disorganized speech or behavior, helps clinicians identify schizophrenia and differentiate it from other psychiatric conditions.
Explanation of Other Options:
Excessive worry
- Rationale: Excessive worry is commonly associated with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), rather than schizophrenia. Anxiety disorders involve persistent and uncontrollable worry about everyday situations, but they do not typically include hallucinations or delusions.
- Excessive worry is not a defining symptom of schizophrenia, as schizophrenia primarily involves disruptions in thought processes, perception, and emotional responsiveness.
Delirium
- Rationale: Delirium is a condition characterized by an acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition. It is typically caused by medical conditions, substance intoxication, or withdrawal. While delirium may sometimes involve hallucinations, it is not a chronic psychiatric disorder like schizophrenia.
- Delirium is a temporary state and is not classified under schizophrenia, which is a long-term psychiatric condition requiring specific diagnostic criteria.
Grandiosity
- Rationale: Grandiosity refers to an inflated sense of self-importance or superiority and is typically seen in mood disorders such as bipolar disorder during manic episodes. It is not commonly associated with schizophrenia.
- While individuals with schizophrenia may exhibit delusions, grandiosity is not a hallmark symptom of the disorder. Schizophrenia-related delusions are more likely to involve paranoia or bizarre beliefs rather than grandiosity.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, hallucinations are the most indicative symptom of schizophrenia. Recognizing hallucinations is essential for early diagnosis and intervention, allowing for appropriate treatment and management of this complex psychiatric condition.
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 2:
The nurse is providing care to a patient with bipolar disorder. Which of the following lithium levels of the patient she understands as within the therapeutic range?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : 1.1 mmol/L
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 2 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: 1.1 mmol/L
Rationale:
- Lithium is a mood-stabilizing medication commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Its therapeutic range is crucial for its efficacy and safety. The therapeutic serum lithium level typically ranges between 0.6 mmol/L to 1.2 mmol/L. Levels within this range are considered effective for managing symptoms without causing toxicity.
- A lithium level of 1.1 mmol/L is within the therapeutic range, suggesting that the medication is effective and safe for the patient. Regular monitoring of lithium levels is essential because it has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that levels above the therapeutic range can lead to toxicity, while levels below may be ineffective.
Explanation of Other Options:
0.4 mmol/L
- Rationale: A lithium level of 0.4 mmol/L is below the therapeutic range. At this level, the medication is unlikely to be effective in controlling the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Sub-therapeutic levels may require dosage adjustments to achieve the desired effect.
1.8 mmol/L
- Rationale: A lithium level of 1.8 mmol/L is above the therapeutic range and indicates a risk of lithium toxicity. Symptoms of toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Immediate medical intervention is required if toxicity is suspected.
2.6 mmol/L
- Rationale: A lithium level of 2.6 mmol/L is dangerously high and signifies severe lithium toxicity. This level poses a significant risk to the patient's health and requires urgent medical treatment. Toxicity at this level can lead to life-threatening complications such as kidney failure or cardiac arrhythmias.
Conclusion:
- The therapeutic range for lithium is 0.6 mmol/L to 1.2 mmol/L. A level of 1.1 mmol/L is ideal for efficacy and safety. Levels below this range may be ineffective, while levels above it can cause toxicity. Regular monitoring of lithium levels is essential to ensure the patient receives the optimal benefit from the medication without risking adverse effects.
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 3:
In the milieu therapy setting, which principle most effectively fosters autonomy in hospitalized psychiatric patients?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Encouraging patient participation in decision-making
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 3 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Encouraging patient participation in decision-making
Rationale:
- Milieu therapy refers to a therapeutic environment that uses the structured setting of a hospital or clinic to support the emotional and social needs of patients. It emphasizes the importance of creating a safe and collaborative space where patients can develop autonomy, social skills, and emotional regulation.
- Encouraging patient participation in decision-making is a core principle of milieu therapy. This approach empowers patients by giving them a sense of control over their treatment and daily activities, thereby fostering autonomy and self-confidence.
- Involving patients in decisions helps them feel respected and valued, which can lead to improved motivation and engagement in their treatment plans. It also prepares them for life outside the hospital by encouraging problem-solving and decision-making skills.
- This principle aligns with the broader goals of psychiatric care, which include promoting independence and reducing dependence on institutional structures.
Explanation of Other Options:
Minimizing patient choices to reduce stress
- Rationale: While reducing overwhelming choices may help in certain acute situations, consistently minimizing patient choices can undermine their autonomy and prevent them from developing decision-making skills. This approach is counterproductive to the goals of milieu therapy, which emphasize patient empowerment.
Enforcing rigid ward routines to maintain safety
- Rationale: Safety is crucial in psychiatric settings, but enforcing rigid routines can create a sense of control and dependency rather than fostering autonomy. Milieu therapy aims to balance safety with flexibility to allow patients to take an active role in their care.
Limiting peer interaction to reduce triggers
- Rationale: Peer interaction is an essential component of milieu therapy as it provides opportunities for social learning, emotional support, and skill-building. Limiting interaction may isolate patients and hinder their recovery process.
Conclusion:
- Encouraging patient participation in decision-making is the most effective principle in fostering autonomy within a milieu therapy setting. It aligns with the therapeutic goals of empowering patients, promoting independence, and preparing them for life outside the hospital. Other options, while potentially useful in specific contexts, do not align with the core objectives of milieu therapy as effectively.
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 4:
A psychiatric nurse observes a patient sitting still, staring at the wall, and resisting all attempts at interaction. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Catatonia related to Schizophrenia
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 4 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Catatonia related to Schizophrenia
Rationale:
- Catatonia is a specifier associated with several psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. It is characterized by motor immobility, extreme negativism, mutism, or peculiar voluntary movements. Patients may exhibit behaviors such as sitting still for long periods, staring blankly, or resisting interaction, as described in the scenario.
- This condition requires immediate recognition and intervention to prevent complications such as dehydration, malnutrition, or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
- The patient in this scenario demonstrates hallmark signs of catatonia, including immobility and resistance to interaction, making this the most appropriate nursing diagnosis.
Additional Information:
- Catatonia can occur in various psychiatric and medical conditions, but it is most commonly associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
- Treatment may involve benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in severe cases.
- Nursing interventions include ensuring the patient’s physical safety, monitoring for complications, and working with the healthcare team to initiate appropriate treatment.
Explanation of Other Options:
Risk for Violence
- Rationale: Although schizophrenia can sometimes be associated with aggression or violent behavior, the patient in this scenario exhibits no signs of violent tendencies. Instead, the patient is immobile and unresponsive, which points to catatonia rather than a risk for violence.
Disturbed Sensory Perception
- Rationale: This diagnosis refers to altered sensory processing, such as hallucinations or delusions. While these symptoms are common in schizophrenia, the scenario does not provide evidence of sensory disturbances, such as the patient reacting to unseen stimuli or reporting hallucinations.
Social Isolation
- Rationale: Social isolation refers to a lack of interaction or engagement with others. While the patient is resisting interaction, this behavior is better explained by catatonia, which is a physical and psychological condition, rather than a deliberate choice to isolate socially.
Conclusion:
- The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the scenario is "Catatonia related to Schizophrenia." This diagnosis addresses the patient’s immobility, resistance to interaction, and overall clinical presentation. Other options, while related to psychiatric care, do not accurately describe the observed symptoms in this case.
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 5:
A patient on lithium therapy presents with diarrhea, muscle weakness, and coarse tremors. What should the nurse suspect?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Lithium toxicity
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 5 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Lithium toxicity
Rationale:
- Lithium toxicity occurs when lithium levels in the body rise above the therapeutic range, leading to various symptoms affecting multiple systems. The therapeutic range for lithium is generally 0.6-1.2 mEq/L, and levels above 1.5 mEq/L are considered toxic.
- Symptoms of lithium toxicity include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., muscle weakness, coarse tremors), and neurological symptoms (e.g., confusion, ataxia, seizures).
- The patient in the scenario presents with diarrhea, muscle weakness, and coarse tremors—all hallmark signs of lithium toxicity. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications such as kidney damage, altered mental status, or even death.
- Contributing factors to lithium toxicity include dehydration, reduced renal clearance (e.g., due to kidney impairment), drug interactions (e.g., with NSAIDs or diuretics), or overdose.
Additional Information:
- Treatment for lithium toxicity involves stopping lithium administration, ensuring adequate hydration, and in severe cases, using hemodialysis to remove excess lithium from the body.
- Regular monitoring of lithium levels, kidney function, and patient hydration status is essential to avoid toxicity.
Explanation of Other Options:
Lithium non-compliance
- Rationale: Non-compliance with lithium therapy would more likely result in a recurrence of symptoms of the underlying condition (e.g., bipolar disorder), such as mania or depression. It does not explain the physical symptoms of diarrhea, muscle weakness, and coarse tremors presented in the scenario.
Dehydration
- Rationale: While dehydration can contribute to lithium toxicity by reducing renal clearance of the drug, dehydration alone does not directly cause symptoms like coarse tremors and muscle weakness. These symptoms are more specific to lithium toxicity itself.
Serotonin syndrome
- Rationale: Serotonin syndrome is a condition caused by an excess of serotonin in the brain, usually due to medications like SSRIs or MAOIs. Symptoms include agitation, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, and fever, which differ from the symptoms described in this patient (diarrhea, muscle weakness, coarse tremors).
Conclusion:
- The patient's symptoms are consistent with lithium toxicity, a condition that requires immediate recognition and intervention. Regular monitoring and adherence to therapeutic guidelines are crucial in patients on lithium therapy to prevent toxicity.
Top Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing MCQ Objective Questions
Phobia is an exaggerated or unnecessary form of
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Fear
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 6 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFExplanation:
- A phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects, or situation
- The term ‘phobia’ is often used to refer to a fear of one particular trigger.
- There are three types of phobia recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
- Specific phobia:
- This is an intense, irrational fear of a specific trigger.
- Social phobia, or social anxiety:
- This is a profound fear of public humiliation and being singled out or judged by others in a social situation.
- These kinds of people avoid large gatherings because of social anxiety.
- It is different than shyness.
- Agoraphobia:
- This is a fear of situations from which it would be difficult to escape if a person were to experience extreme panic, such as being in a lift or being outside of the home.
Depression is a ______ disorder.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : mood
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 7 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is mood.
Key Points
- Depression is a mood disorder.
- Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.
- It is treatable.
- It causes feelings of sadness and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed.
- It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.
Additional Information
| Somatoform | Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical sensations and bodily pain caused by mental illness. |
| Dissociative | Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity. |
| Schizophrenic | Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder that affects the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. |
The Psychosocial Crisis ‘Trust vs Mistrust’ is associated with _____________ stage of Erikson Theory.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Infancy (0 – 18 Months)
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 8 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe Psychosocial crisis ‘Trust vs Mistrust’ is linked with the stage infancy (0 – 18 months) of Erikson’s theory. There are 8 stages in Erikson’s theory.
|
Stage |
Psychosocial Crisis |
Basic Virtue |
Age |
|
1. |
Trust vs. mistrust |
Hope |
Infancy (0 to 1 ½) |
|
2. |
Autonomy vs. shame |
Will |
Early Childhood (1 ½ to 3) |
|
3. |
Initiative vs. guilt |
Purpose |
Play Age (3 to 5) |
|
4. |
Industry vs. inferiority |
Competency |
School Age (5 to 12) |
|
5. |
Ego identity vs. Role Confusion |
Fidelity |
Adolescence (12 to 18) |
|
6. |
Intimacy vs. isolation |
Love |
Young Adult (18 to 40) |
|
7. |
Generative vs. stagnation |
Care |
Adult hood (40 to 65) |
|
8. |
Ego integrity vs. despair |
Wisdom |
Maturity (65+) |
Psychoanalytic theory was developed by whom?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Sigmund Freud
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 9 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- The concepts of id, ego and superego are proposed by 'Sigmund Freud' in his 'Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality. Freud used these three concepts to describe the three parts of the human personality and to explain the way a human mind works.
According to Freud, the human personality is made up of three major systems: the id, ego, and superego.
Important Points
Another concept introduced by Freud was the “unconscious”. He conceived of the mind like an Iceberg, the tip of which is called the conscious, a small portion as subconscious and the remaining large portion as the Unconscious.
Let's Understand in Brief:
- The ID:
- It is the unconscious part of the human personality that works to fulfil basic desires.
- It is based on the pleasure principle which aspires for the satisfaction of antisocial desires.
- The Ego:
- It looks for rules and morals and resides in the unconscious mind.
- The Ego always postpones the desire and discharge the tension until it gets the desired object.
- The Super-Ego:
- It is the moral part of the personality, which is known as conscience too. It stands for perfection, rather than pleasure.
- It acts as a balance between id and super-ego, it tries to figure the solution which does not hurt either id or super-ego.
- Unconscious:
- A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness.
- Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict.
- According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence the conscious behaviours of the individual.
Key Points
- The deep-seated unconscious mind is the storehouse of all our memories and experiences. It is the centre for emotions and feelings and for all our behaviour and habits.
- Freud proved that through various psychoanalytical techniques which are also partly therapeutic like the free association technique or the dream analysis technique, changes can be brought in the unconscious mind.
Who has developed the Theory of Emotional Development ?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Erik H Erikson
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 10 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFErikson covered human personality development in a series of eight stages that take place from the time of birth and continue throughout an individual’s complete life. Erik Erikson’s Psycho-social Theory focused on the adaptive function of the ego and the development of ego strength. There are some reasons due to which his theory is considered as stage theory:
- Personality develops in stages in a pre-determined order, from infancy to adulthood.
- Each stage has a psychological crisis, which could be positive or negative.
- Each crisis comes with its psychological needs which conflicts with the need of society.
- On completing the stage, a healthy personality comes out along with basic virtues.
Hence, there are four reasons behind Erikson’s theory being a stage theory.
|
Stage |
Psychosocial Crisis |
Basic Virtue |
Age |
|
1. |
Trust vs. Mistrust |
Hope |
Infancy (0 to 1) |
|
2. |
Autonomy vs. Shame |
Will |
Early Childhood (1 to 3) |
|
3. |
Initiative vs. Guilt |
Purpose |
Play Age (3 to 6) |
|
4. |
Industry vs. Inferiority |
Competency |
School Age (6 to 11) |
|
5. |
Ego identity vs. Role Confusion |
Fidelity |
Adolescence (12 to 18) |
|
6. |
Intimacy vs. Isolation |
Love |
Young Adult (18 to 40) |
|
7. |
Generative vs. Stagnation |
Care |
Adulthood (40 to 65) |
|
8. |
Ego integrity vs. Despair |
Wisdom |
Maturity (65) |
First line treatment of mania is
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Lithium
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 11 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
Mania
- Mania is a psychological condition that causes a person to experience unreasonable euphoria, very intense moods, hyperactivity, and delusions.
- Mania (or manic episodes) is a common symptom of bipolar disorder.
- A doctor will also likely prescribe a mood stabilizer, also called an “antimanic” medication.
- These help control mood swings and prevent them, and may help to make someone less likely to attempt suicide.
- Patients may need to take medicine for a long time, sometimes indefinitely.
- The doctor may prescribe lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine (Tegretol) or valproate (Depakote).
- Patients may need very close medical supervision and blood tests while you take these.
Additional Information
- Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is elevated during mania. Lithium acutely stimulates the NMDA receptor, increasing glutamate availability in the postsynaptic neuron.
- It takes about 1 to 3 weeks for lithium to show the effects of symptoms.
- Therapeutic lithium level is somewhere between 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L
All of of this is seen in anorexia nervosa except
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Menorrhagia
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 12 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- Anorexia nervosa: it is an eating disorder occurs most often in adolescent girls.
- The problem is found as refusal of food to maintain normal body weight by reducing food intake, especially fats and carbohydrates.
- Sign and symptoms:
- Extreme weight loss or not making expected developmental weight gains.
- Thin appearance.
- Abnormal blood counts.
- Fatigue.
- Insomnia.
- Dizziness or fainting.
- Bluish discoloration of the fingers.
Explanation:
- Complication in anorexia nervosa:
Osteoporosis: A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.
- The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone creation doesn't keep up with old bone removal.
- Many people have no symptoms until they have a bone fracture.
Myocardial hypertrophy:
- Myocardial hypertrophy is defined as an increase in ventricular myocardial mass.
- In clinical practice and in animal studies, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is often assessed by measurement of end-diastolic thickness of septal and LV posterior wall and may be associated with normal or dilated LV cavity.
Electrolyte imbalance:
- It occurs when you have too much or not enough of certain minerals in your body.
- This imbalance may be a sign of a problem like kidney disease.
Additional Information
- Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder where the person will have binge eating
- Pica: Eating disorder where the child eats non nutritive substances
- Geophagia : Eating mud
- Trichophagia : Eating hair
Channelling of a strong and socially unacceptable drive or urge into a form that is acceptable to society is called as
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Sublimation
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 13 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
In psychoanalytic theory, given by Sigmund Freud says that the defense mechanism is an unconscious psychological action that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and outer stressors. There are many defense mechanisms enlist which a person uses in his day to day life:
- Sublimation: It is similar to displacement, but takes place when a person manages to displace his unacceptable emotions into behaviors that are constructive and socially acceptable, rather than destructive activities.
- Sublimation is one of Freud's original defense mechanisms in which his deep sexual desires were turned into socially acceptable behavior by his writings and paintings.
Additional Information 1. Regression
- Regression is a defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud whereby the ego reverts to an earlier stage of development usually in response to stressful situations. Regressions enable a person to psychologically go back in time to a period when the person felt safer.
- Example: When a person is troubled, he behaves most often childish or primitively to cope with the undesirable situation.
2. Identification:
- also known as Introjection. Is a defense mechanism when a person not only takes on a belief or voice of another person but also begins to identify with that individual. For example, a father tells his son that women do the household work and the son keeps this thought in his mind and acts in the same manner as his father does.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is ________.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Anxiety disorder
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 14 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the occurrence of unwanted, intrusive obsessive thoughts and distressing images which are usually accompanied by compulsive behaviors. Compulsive behaviors are carried out either to undo or neutralize the obsessions or to prevent the occurrence of some dreadful event.
Key Points
- Anxiety disorders are disorders that decrease the performance or social functioning of an individual due to hyper-anxiety. Anxiety disorder can be of many types such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatoform disorder, etc.
- Obsessive behavior is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful.
- Compulsive behavior is the need to perform certain behaviors over and over again. Many compulsions deal with counting, ordering, checking, touching, and washing.
- People affected by the obsessive-compulsive disorder are unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act or series of acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities.
Thus, it is concluded that Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder.
Hint
- Somatoform disorders refer to physical problems which have no organic basis, for example, fatigue, headaches, vague body pains, etc. The persons suffering from this disease remain preoccupied with symptoms.
- Dissociative disorders describe a persistent mental state that is marked by feelings of being detached from reality, being outside of one’s own body, or experiencing memory loss.
- Adjustment disorders are a group of conditions that can occur when you have difficulty in coping with a stressful life event. Example"the death of a loved one, relationship issues, or being fired from work.
In Erikson's theory, adolescent develops a sense of _______
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Identity
Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 15 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
Erickson's Theory
- Erickson's theory for adolescent- Identity vs confusion.
- Erikson described eight stages of development. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis, representing a conflict between the individual and society.
- The progression to the next stage depends on the resolution of these conflicts.
- Out of eight stages, only five are relating to childhood.
Additional Information
|
Stages |
Crisis |
|
1. Childhood : |
|
|
1st year of life |
Trust vs Mistrust |
|
2nd year |
Autonomy vs Doubt |
|
3rd through 5th year |
Initiative vs Guilt |
|
6th year to puberty |
Industry vs Inferiority |
|
Adolescence |
Identify vs confusion |
|
2. Adulthood: |
|
|
Early adulthood |
Intimacy vs isolation |
|
Middle age |
Generativity vs self-adsorption |
|
Aging years |
Integrity vs despair |